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<title>Multimedia database</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Multimedia database</span></span>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>Multimedia database</b> (<b>MMDB</b>) is a collection of related for <a href="Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> <a href="Data_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Data (computing)">data</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MDA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> data include one or more primary media <a href="Data_types" class="mw-redirect" title="Data types">data types</a> such as <a href="Written_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Written text">text</a>, <a href="Image" title="Image">images</a>, <a href="Graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic">graphic</a> <a href="Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">objects</a> (including <a href="Drawing" title="Drawing">drawings</a>, <a href="Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">sketches</a> and <a href="Illustration" title="Illustration">illustrations</a>) <a href="Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> sequences, <a href="Sound" title="Sound">audio</a> and <a href="Video" title="Video">video</a>.

</p><p>A <b>Multimedia Database Management System</b> (<b>MMDBMS</b>) is a <a href="Framework_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework (computer science)">framework</a> that manages different types of data potentially represented in a wide diversity of <a href="File_format" title="File format">formats</a> on a wide array of media sources. It provides support for multimedia <a href="Data_types" class="mw-redirect" title="Data types">data types</a>, and facilitate for creation, storage, access, <a href="Query_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Query (database)">query</a> and control of a multimedia database.<sup id="cite_ref-MDMRI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDMRI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents_of_MMDB">Contents of MMDB</h2></div>

<p>A Multimedia Database (MMDB) hosts one or more <a href="Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> <a href="Data_types" class="mw-redirect" title="Data types">data types</a><sup id="cite_ref-MD_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (i.e. text, images, graphic objects, audio, video, animation sequences).

These <a href="Data_types" class="mw-redirect" title="Data types">data types</a> are broadly categorized into <i><b>three classes</b></i>:

</p>

<ul><li>Static media<sup id="cite_ref-MD_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (time-independent: <a href="Image" title="Image">image</a> and <a href="Graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic">graphic</a> object).</li>

<li>Dynamic media<sup id="cite_ref-MD_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (time-dependent: <a href="Sound" title="Sound">audio</a>, <a href="Video" title="Video">video</a> and <a href="Animation" title="Animation">animation</a>).</li>

<li>Dimensional media<sup id="cite_ref-MD_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(3D game and <a href="Computer_aided_drafting" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer aided drafting">computer aided drafting</a> programs).</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_of_multimedia_data_types">Comparison of multimedia data types</h3></div>

<th>Medium</th>

<th>Elements</th>

<th>Time-dependence

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Graphic</td>

<td>Vectors, regions</td>

<td>No

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Image</td>

<td>Pixels</td>

<td>No

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Audio</td>

<td>Sound, Volume</td>

<td>Yes

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Video</td>

<td>Raster images, graphics</td>

<td>Yes

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>Additionally, a Multimedia Database (MMDB) needs to manage additional information pertaining to the actual multimedia data.

The information is about the following:

</p>

<ul><li><b>Media data:</b> the actual data representing an object.</li>

<li><b>Media format data:</b> information about the <a href="File_format" title="File format">format</a> of the media data after it goes through the acquisition, processing, and encoding phases.</li>

<li><b>Media keyword data:</b> the <a href="Keyword_(search)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyword (search)">keyword</a> descriptions, usually relating to the generation of the media data.</li>

<li><b>Media feature data:</b> content dependent data such as contain information about the distribution of colours, the kinds of textures and the different shapes present in an image.</li></ul>

<p>The last three types are called <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> as they describe several different aspects of the media data. The media <a href="Reserved_word" title="Reserved word">keyword</a> data and media feature data are used as <a href="Index_(publishing)" title="Index (publishing)">indices</a> for searching purpose. The media format data is used to present the retrieved information.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Requirements_of_Multimedia_databases">Requirements of Multimedia databases</h2></div>

<p>Like the traditional <a href="Databases" class="mw-redirect" title="Databases">databases</a>, Multimedia databases should address the following requirements:

</p>

<ul><li><b>Integration</b>

<ul><li>Data items do not need to be duplicated for different programs invocations</li></ul></li>

<li><b>Data independence</b>

<ul><li>Separate the database and the management from the application programs</li></ul></li>

<li><b>Concurrency control</b>

<ul><li>Allows concurrent transactions</li></ul></li>

<li><b>Persistence</b>

<ul><li>Data objects can be saved and re-used by different transactions and program invocations</li></ul></li>

<li><b>Privacy</b>

<ul><li>Access and authorization control</li></ul></li>

<li><b>Integrity control</b>

<ul><li>Ensures <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a> consistency between transactions</li></ul></li>

<li><b>Recovery</b>

<ul><li>Failures of transactions should not affect the <a href="Persistence_(computer_science)" title="Persistence (computer science)">persistent</a> data storage</li></ul></li>

<li><b>Query support</b>

<ul><li>Allows easy querying of multimedia data</li></ul></li></ul>

<p>Multimedia databases should have the ability to uniformly <a href="Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">query</a> data (media data, <a href="Textual_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Textual data">textual data</a>) represented in different formats and have the ability to simultaneously <a href="Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">query</a> different media sources and conduct classical <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a> operations across them. <i>(<a href="Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">Query</a> support)</i>

</p><p>They should have the ability to retrieve media objects from a local storage device in a good manner. <i>(Storage support)</i>

</p><p>They should have the ability to take the response generated by a <a href="Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">query</a> and develop a presentation of that response in terms of <a href="Audio-visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio-visual">audio-visual</a> media and have the ability to deliver this presentation. <i>(Presentation and delivery support)</i>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues_and_challenges">Issues and challenges</h2></div>

<ul><li>Multimedia data consists of a variety of media <a href="File_format" title="File format">formats</a> or file representations including <a href="TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a>, <a href="BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a>, <a href="Microsoft_PowerPoint#File_formats" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PPT</a>, <a href="IVUE" title="IVUE">IVUE</a>, <a href="FlashPix" title="FlashPix">FPX</a>, <a href="JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, <a href="MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a>, <a href="Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a>, <a href="MIDI" title="MIDI">MID</a>, <a href="WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a>, <a href="Doc_(computing)" title="Doc (computing)">DOC</a>, <a href="GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a>, <a href="Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">EPS</a>, <a href="Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>, etc. Because of restrictions on the conversion from one <a href="File_format" title="File format">format</a> to the other, the use of the data in a specific <a href="File_format" title="File format">format</a> has been limited as well. Usually, the data size of multimedia is large such as video; therefore, multimedia data often require a large storage.</li>

<li>Multimedia database consume a lot of processing time, as well as bandwidth.</li>

<li>Some multimedia <a href="Data_types" class="mw-redirect" title="Data types">data types</a> such as video, audio, and animation sequences have temporal requirements that have implications on their storage, manipulation and presentation, but <a href="Image" title="Image">images</a>, <a href="Video" title="Video">video</a> and <a href="Graphics" title="Graphics">graphics</a> data have special constraints in terms of their content.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_areas">Application areas</h2></div>

<p>Examples of multimedia database application areas:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital Libraries</a></li>

<li>News-on-Demand</li>

<li><a href="Video-on-Demand" class="mw-redirect" title="Video-on-Demand">Video-on-Demand</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Music database">Music database</a></li>

<li><a href="Geographic_Information_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic Information Systems">Geographic Information Systems (GIS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Telemedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemedicine">Telemedicine</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Databases" class="mw-redirect" title="Databases">Databases</a></li>

<li><a href="Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Multimedia" title="Oracle Multimedia">Oracle Multimedia</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatial_database" title="Spatial database">Spatial database</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatiotemporal_database" title="Spatiotemporal database">Spatiotemporal database</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFYuTeri_Brandenburg2011" class="citation journal cs1">Yu, Chien; Teri Brandenburg (February 2011). "Multimedia database applications: issues and concerns for classroom teaching". <b>3</b> (1): 2. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.5769">1102.5769</a></span>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011arXiv1102.5769Y">2011arXiv1102.5769Y</a>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-MDMRI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MDMRI_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAdjerohNwosu1997" class="citation journal cs1">Adjeroh, Donald; Nwosu, Kingsley (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenwosus.com/papers/reqsissues.pdf">"Multimedia Database Management - Requirements and Issues"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IEEE MultiMedia</i>. <b>4</b> (3): 1. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F93.621580">10.1109/93.621580</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-MD-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MD_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html">"Multimedia Database"</a>. <i>Tech-faq.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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